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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HUBERT HOPKINS, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO MOON-HOPKINS BILLING MACHINE COMPANY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION OF MISSOURI.

CALCULATING-MACH IN E.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 24, 1914.

Application filed May 11, 1908. Serial No. 432,166.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HUBERT HOPKINS, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Louis, Missouri, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Calculating-Machines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, 1n which Figure 1 is a side elevational view of my improved calculating machine as seen from the right-hand side thereof; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the keys and key connections of the adding department of the machine; Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the upper, rear portion of the machine as seen'from the lefthand side of the machine; Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view through the upper, rear portion of the machine; Fig. 5 is a detail view of one of the register wheels; Fig. 6 is a side elevational view of the lower, rear portion of the machine as seen from the left-hand side, this figure being complementary to Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a top plan view of a portion 01". the machine; Fig. 8 is a detail view of the mechanism for indicating the position of the forward totalizers; Fig. 9 is a rear elevational View of parts of the multiplying mechanism Fig. 10 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view through said multiplying mechanism; Fig. 11 is a front elevational view of part of the multiplying mechanism; Fig. 12 is a detail view of the mechanism for locking the multiplier keys against operation when one of said keys is depressed; Figs. 13to 22 inclusive are detail views of the heads of the units multiplying plates, as seen from the left; Fig. 23 is a detail. view of the subtraction plate as seen from the left; Figs. 24 to 31 inclusive are detail views of the tens multiplying plates as seen from the left; Fig. 32 is a detail View in side elevation showing the D or decimal key and its connections; Fig. 33 is a plan view showing the result keys and their connections; Fig. 34 is a rear elevational view showing the means for shifting the cam-operating plates; Fig. 35 is a detail view illustrating the connections of the E or extending key; Fig. 36 is a side elevational view as seen from the right of the lower rear portion of the machine; Fig. 37 is a diagrammatical view of certain of the multiplying devices; Fig. 38 is a diagrammatical view of certain of the multiplying devices which cooperate with the subtraction plate; Fig. 39 is a detail view showing the means for adding one to the sum of the minuend and the complement of the subtrahend; Fig. 40 is a detail view of thepawl which is operated by the mechanism shown in Fig. 39; and Fig. 41 is a detail view of the mechanism for locking the result keys against operation when the handle is'in other than home position.

This invention relates to a new and useful improvement in calculating machines of the type shown and described in Belgian Patent No. 202,081, dated August 21, 1907, and also in an application serially numbered 310,739, filed by me in the United States Patent Office on or about April 9, 1906. Many of the features disclosed in this present application are claimed in the application for United States Letters Patent just mentioned, and therefore I do not claim the same here. There are shown in the accompanying drawings many features which will not be described in detail here because the same are fully described in said United States application and Belgian patent, to which latter patent, which is based on the identical machine disclosed in said United States appli cation, reference is made for a more extended description, if such is needed, for a fuller understanding of the machine of this application. While the present improvements are designed to be applied to the machine shown in said patent and said application, it will be understood that by obvious modifications and changes many of these improvements-could be applied to other types of calculating machines than the one herein specifically referred to. Therefore, I do not wish to be understood as limiting my invention to the type of machine herein shown, as several of the features herein disclosed are broadly new, and the principles of operation and equivalent constructions could be utilized to advantage in connection with other types of calculating machines.

The objects of my present invention are: 1. To provide means for manually positioning the forward totalizers independently of the typewriter carriage and indicating their position. 2. To simplify the multiplying mechanism and to cause certain of the arts thereof to move downwardly instead 0 up- -3 of the typewriter.

wardly as in the aforesaid patent. 3. To provide means for throwing all the multiplying devices out of operation during the ordinary operations of addition. 4. To provide means for preventing operation of the multiplier keys when one of said keys is depressed. '5. To provide means for retaining the multiplicand in. the multiplying devices. 6. To provide means in the multiplying mechanism whereby the operation of subtraction may be performed. 7. To provide locking devices whereby untimely operation of the said parts or keys of the machine is prevented.

With these objectsin view, my invention consists in the construction, arrangement and combination of the several parts, all as will be hereinafter described and afterward pointed out in the claims.

The typewriting mechanism.-1n the accompanying drawings, referring to Fig. 1, there is shown a typewriting mechanism of which 1 indicates the keys and key bars. 2 is the spacing key of the typewriting mechanism, and 3 is a spacing bar controlling the escapement mechanism of the typewriter carriage. 4 is the frame of the type- .writer carriage, in which is mounted a platen 5. Means are provided for manual rotation of this platen, as in line-spacing, and also mechanical rotation in line-spacing, where a record is being made by the printing devices of the adding mechanism of the machine. An' escapement bar is provided whereby the carriage may move step-by-step laterally in letter or figure spacing, and tabulating keys 15 are provided whereby the carriage may be arrested to predetermined lateral positions for work of tabulation.

The typewriting mechanism of my present machine may, iii-addition to the essential features of such a mechanism, heretofore described, also be provided with such additional features as may be desired or useful. I deem it unnecessary to give a more detailed description of the typewriting mechanism here, as a reference to the before-men- -tioned patent will ive a full and clear explanation of the same.

The adding mechanisin..The keys in group A (see Fig. 2) which are identified with the adding mechanism, are connected to a series of bars a which are mounted ppon a common pivot 21, said bars to the rear of said pivot'having their ends deflected so as to lie in a straight line under a longitudinal row of independent verticallymovable bars 56 which cooperate with the setting up pins 63 0f the carriage 57. The rear ends of these bars a extend under a .'plate 22 pivotally mounted in the free end of a yoke frame 23 which has a forward extension 25 arranged above the spacing bar In this manner the vertical columns of figures may be printed, u

but it is unnecessary to describe these means here in 'detaiL. Means are also provided for rotating the carriage in the operation of printing numbers one under the other in column formation, but it is unnecessary to describe such mechanism here as the same is fully set forth in the before-mentioned patent.

Controlling the position of the forward totalizers from the type writer carriage.- Referring to Fig. 7, 39-indicates a bar which ,is carried by the typewriter'carriage and whose rear end is provided with a series of notches in which may be adjustably mounted a series of blocks 40. There are preferably two of these adjustable blocks 40 which are designed to cooperate with a tappet 45 mounted on a sliding bar 46. This bar is connected at its rear end-to an escapement lever 47 which escapement lever, when vibrated, permits the forward totalizers to move from right to left as fully set forth in the patent aforesaid. 48 is a shaft on which the forward totalizers are mounted, said shaft finding bearings in two frame plates 49 pivoted at theirrear. ends to the shaft 50. Shaft 48 is provided with escapement teeth 48. 51 indicates a lever pivoted to the end of shaft 50, its free end being pivotally connected to the end of shaft 48. A spring 52' tends todraw the lever 51 toward the left, and consequently whenever lever'47 is vibrated the escapement mechanism will operate to permit the shaft 48 and its carried totalizer wheels to move under the action of spring 52. Thus if the typewriter carriage is moving toward the left, and one of the blocks40 should strike the inclined face of tapp'et 45, the bar 46 would be forced rearwardly, operating the escapement mechwheels and bring into operative position the next operative group of totalizer wheels at the right. By adjusting the blocks 40 the escapement mechanism may be operated at different positions of the typewriter oarriage. As it is necessary to restore the groups of totalizer wheels to their initial position when the typewriter carriage is restored, means are provided for accomplishing this, which means consists of a block 53 similar, so far as its adjust-able feature is concerned, to the blocks 40. Block 53, however, is provided with a downward extension, see Fig. 1, which cooperates with the end of a rod 54 mounted in suitable guides 55 extending from the frame plate of the typowriting machine. Rod 54 is connected to shaft 48, and consequently when the typewriter carriage ismoved from left to right the downward extension on block 53 engages the rod 54 and restores the totalizers to their first position at the right. If it is desired not to position the forward groups of totalizers upon the movement of the typewriter garrage, blocks 40 mav be detached from the Means for manually positioning the f0rward totalizers and indicating their posttz'0n.70 indicates a'bar whose inner end is bent, to engage a lever 47 which carries the escapement teeth cooperating with the teeth 48 on the sliding shaft 48. The forward portion of this bar extends through a tube in the frame of the typewriting machine, its end being provided with a button 71, a spring 72 tending to hold the bar in its forward position. When, however, the operator presses the button 71, the lever 47 (and its connected tappet 45 and bar 46) is operated the same as by the blocks 40 carried by the typewriter carriage, and the forward totalizers will be repositioned. To illustrate, if the totalizer stood in the position shown in Fig. 7 and the button 71 was depressed once, the left-hand group of totalizer wheels -would be displaced from operative position, and the middle group made to occupy operative relationship to the actuating devices. If now the button 71was depressed a second time, the middle group of totalizer wheels would be displaced and the right-hand group made to occupy operative relationship to the actuating devices. Of course, this manual positioning of the forward totalizers is entirely independent of the typewriter carriage. It will be understood that when the typewriter carriage is at the extreme right, in which position the block 53 will prevent. the movement of the rod 54, the forward totalizers cannot be positioned to change the operative relationship existing between the left-hand group of totalizer wheels and the actuating devices. To restore the forward totalizers to their ini tial position independently of, the typewriter carriage I arrange a rock arm 73 whose upper end is preferably slotted (see Fig. 8), in which slot extends a pin 54 which is a part of the rod 54. Rock arm 73 is fixed to the inner end of a sleeve or tube '74 through which the rod 70 extends, and on the forward end of this sleeve or tube is mounted a handle 7 5 which may be grasped by the operator for the purpose of operation. This handle 75 is provided with a pointer which coiiperates with a scale 7 6 mounted on the frame of the typewriting machine, said scale having the numerals 1 2 and 3 indicating respectively the left-hand, middle and right-hand groups of forward totalizers.

Introducing an item into the forward to taZt2ers.When any of the keys in group A is struck, the bar 56 before referred to is raised, and in turn this bar raises one of a series of setting up pins 63 arranged in the traveling carriage 57. There is an escapement mechanism operated by the rear end of yoke 23, which escapement mechanism controls the travel of the carriage from right to left, which travel is caused by a spring, 7

not shown, which is connected to said carriage. At each depression of a key the carriage travels one step leftward from a lower to a higher order, various pins being positioned by the several bars 56 according to the key struck.

The above constitutes what may be designated setting up devices and in setting up an item it is only necessary to strike the keys in succession, beginning with the highest denomination. After an item has been set up on the keys, the operating handle 79 is operated, which causes the traveling carriage to be bodily lifted, the elevated pin 63 positioning corresponding stop pins 93 in their paths. After the pins 93 have been positioned the carriage is depressed and restored to home position, movement to home bringing all of the elevated pins 63 into engagement with a cam bar 68, which restores the elevated pins 53 to their normal position. At the time that'the traveling carriage is being restored, the operating handle rocks two main levers 105 forward. which levers carry a restoring bar 104. This restoring bar, as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4,

lies in front of rocking levers 102' which have slot and pin connections with the rack bars or actuators 100. Springs 103 are connected to levers 102 and tend to move them forward at all times. Shoulders 101 are provided on the rack bars 100, which shoulders come in contact with any of the pins 93 which may have been raised, thus arresting the movement of the rack bars, but permitting the restoring bar to move forward its full stroke 'underthe control of the operating handle. To prevent forward movement of the idle rack bars, the zero row of pins 93 (being the rearmost row of pins) are elevated by means of a plate on pins of a higher order than zero. A combplate 94 is operated when the handle starts on its return movement to restore the pins 93. On the return movement of the. handle the restoring bar 104 picks up all of the levers 102 and moves them and their complementary rack bars rearwardly. When the handle starts on its rearward movement cam plate 109 cotiperates with a tappet 112 mounted on a bar 113 and cooperating with a late 115, said bar being connected to a swlnging frame plate 49 in which the forward totalizers are mounted; In'this manner the forward totalizers are brought into engagement with the racks when the racks" are moving rearwardly, and the item set up on the keys in group A is thus introduced 1nto the group of forward totalizers in operative relation to the actuating'racks.

The carrying deoices.The carrying de-- vices, the printing mechanism, the manner of taking a total from the forward totalizers, the mechanism for cushioning and compelling'a full stroke of the handle; and the error key mechanism are substantially the same in all respects as the corresponding parts shown and described in the before-- mentioned patent, and therefore I deem it unnecessary to give a detailed description of the same here.

Placing a multiplicandin the multiplying devicea-Operating any of the keys in 'group A and depressing the E 7 key will place thenumber so set up in the keys of group A in the multiplying devices. The E key in the present construction does the work of the R key mentioned in the aforesaid patent, and consequently I do not employ an R key in this present construction. When the E key is depressed (see Figs. 6 and 35) it accomplishes the following: The link 328 carrying the shoulder 329 rides under the detaining plate 17 6 and prevents the E key from rising until the handle has been moved forward and starts on its return stroke. This construction is fully. set forth in'the patent aforesaid. The bell crank lever 330 lying under the bell crank lever 180-181 causes the said bell crank lever to be operated and the cams 82 and 109 connected to the sliding hub 182 to be shifted so that when the handle is pulled and said cams are moved laterally their paths of movement will not include any of the pins'on the tappets112, etc., and consequently none of the register wheels will be thrown into engagement with the #6 and 35).

actuating racks. The extension 331 lying under-pin 222 on a rock am 221 will rock shaft 220, which shaft carries a rock arm 219 lying adjacent one of the side plates 237 of'the multiplying mechanismtsee Figs. This arm 219 carries at its free end a link 218, which link is provided with a pin 217 arranged above the inner end of a lever 216 pivoted to a vertically movable head piece 215 operating vin'vertical slots in the frame plates 237 and supported upon the upper ends of links 214 connected to rock arms 213 arranged on a shaft 212. The forward end of the lever 216 is provided with a bar 223 which lies under a series of stepped stop bars 239, which are held down by springs 240, and are provided with hori-. zontal members 236, which members are guided in vertical grooves in a plate 241.

All of the rack bars which are controlled by stop pins 93 are provided with pins or projections 242 at their rear ends which cooperate with shoulders on the upper side of the rearwardly extending stepped portion 243 of sto-pbars 239. There are ten of these stopping faces uponthis extension 243 in-' cluding the rear end of said extension which normally lies above the projection 242. h It will be obvious that if the bars 239 are lowered so that the ends oftheir extensions 243 racks, said racks, if released, cannot move forwardly because of the presence of thezero stop (the end). of the extensions 243. If, however, any of the bars 239" are lowered, say for instance one step, the pin 242 will co- .operate with the first shoulder, and soon up ,to the highest shoulder which isthe 9 position of the stop bar. For convenience of reference the shoulders of the stoplbars in Fig. 10 have been. numbered according to the positions they permit their cotiperating rack bars to occupy when the projection 242 comes in contact with said shoulders.

To return to a recital of what occurs when the E or extending key is depressed, I will state that when the rock shaft 220 is rocked the bar 223 is lifted, which raises all of the bars 239 together with their associate parts. On the'horizontal extensions 236 of the bars 239 are sliding pendants 235, wh1c h pendants are provided with notches in their lower ends, and also notches in their upper.

lie in the paths of the projections 242 of the- 

